IBS is a chronic, functional, gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort, accompanied with changes to bowel habits. It affects up to 9-23% of the global population and is more prevalent in females in the western part of the world. The cause of IBS remains unknown. However, several possibilties have been reported; some common ones include chronic stress, gastrointestinal infections and genetics.
As there are several causes of IBS, each patient experiences a different cluster of symtpoms. Physiological symptoms of IBS include:
Abdominal spasms
Constipation
Diarrhea
Increased or reduced stool frequency
Changes to stool consistency (e.g., too hard or too watery)
Abdominal bloating and/or distension
Visceral hypersensitivity
Some patients also experience non-gastrointestinal and pschological comorbidities such as fatigue, social anxiety, depression and a general decline in their quality of life. There is presently no cure for IBS. However, some treatments help patients to manage their symptoms better. Treatments include laxatives for constipation, anti-diarrheal agents for diarrhea, antispasmodics for abdominal pain and activated charcoal capsules for bloating. Patients are also advised to try non-pharmacological treatments such as exercise and dietary changes.
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